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Related Concept Videos

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
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Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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State-of-the-Art Macromolecules in Portugal.

Artur J M Valente1, Nuno C Santos2, Maria João Moreno1

  • 1University of Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This Special Issue showcases five diverse studies within the broad field of Macromolecules. These articles explore various topics, reflecting the field's comprehensive and multidisciplinary nature.

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Area of Science:

  • Macromolecules science
  • Polymer chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • This Special Issue compiles five distinct research articles.
  • The collection spans diverse sub-disciplines within the field of Macromolecules.

Discussion:

  • The contributions highlight the breadth and depth of current research in macromolecules.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches are evident across the presented studies.

Key Insights:

  • The issue covers a wide range of topics, underscoring the versatility of macromolecular science.
  • Each contribution offers unique perspectives and findings within its specific domain.

Outlook:

  • This compilation serves as a snapshot of the dynamic and evolving field of macromolecules.
  • Future research directions are implicitly suggested by the diverse topics covered.