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Related Concept Videos

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Characteristics of Newly Reported Chronic Hepatitis C Cases Among Adults in the United States, 2016-2023: Insights From Population-Based Surveillance.

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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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Hepatitis B Care Continuum Models-Data to Inform Public Health Action.

Philip R Spradling1, Angelica Bocour2, Danica E Kuncio3

  • 1Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
|January 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing a care continuum model for chronic hepatitis B is challenging but essential. Health departments can use registries and reporting data to identify gaps and improve diagnosis, care, and treatment, reducing liver disease mortality.

Keywords:
care continuumcascade of carehepatitis Bpublic healthsurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Hepatology
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) care continuum models (CCMs) face unique challenges compared to HIV or HCV.
  • Treatment is not universally indicated for CHB, and clinical endpoints are less defined.
  • Individuals not indicated for treatment remain at risk for severe complications like liver disease and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine essential data elements for developing and implementing CHB CCMs at the jurisdictional health department level.
  • To explore how public health departments can leverage data for improved CHB management.
  • To identify strategies for reducing CHB-related liver disease and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • A nonsystematic review of US-based publications from Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus.
  • Analysis of 724 retrieved publications to identify necessary data elements for CHB CCMs.
  • Examination of data requirements for longitudinal tracking and registry development.

Main Results:

  • Jurisdictional health departments can develop locale-specific CHB CCMs using person-level registries.
  • Longitudinal updates via electronic laboratory and case reporting are crucial.
  • CCMs can identify disparities and improve testing, care linkage, and treatment access.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced public health surveillance infrastructure is vital for CHB CCM development.
  • Focusing initially on early CCM steps (diagnosis, linkage to care, follow-up) can improve outcomes.
  • Investments in data reporting and supplementary sources enable effective CHB management and reduced mortality.