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Relationship between the baking quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the protein composition and structure
Hongliang Ma1, Yongheng Yang1, Jiarong Zhao1
1State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming Systems in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/ College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Abstract:
Although wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain protein content is increased by shade stress, the relationship between the baking quality of wheat flour and protein composition and structure remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of shade stress on wheat flour protein composition and structure. The contents of the flour protein, α/β-gliadins and disulfide and hydrogen bonds were significantly increased by shade stress. Glutenins, UPP%, and β-sheet contents also increased, whereas that of α-helices decreased. Spearman correlations revealed that the flour protein content, Glu:Gli ratio, and disulfide, hydrogen, and ionic bonds can predict the specific volume and number of crumb cells in bread, whereas α/β-gliadins content can predict the crumb cell wall thickness and diameter of bread. Under shade stress, variations in protein composition and structure help increase the specific volume and crumb cells number and decrease crumb cell wall thickness and diameter of bread, ultimately leading to improved baking quality.
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