Raw starch degrading alkaline α-amylase from Geobacillus kaustophilus TSCCA02: Production, characterization, and its...

Geobacillus kaustophilus TSCCA02, a newly isolated strain from cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) rhizosphere soil in Thailand, showed maximum raw starch degrading enzyme (RSDE) activity at 252.3 ± 9.32 U/mL with cassava starch and peptone at 5.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively. 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and phylogenetic tree analyses indicated that the TSCCA02 strain was closely related to G. kaustophilus. The crude RSDE had optimal activity at 60°C and pH 9.0. This enzyme degraded various kinds of starch including potato starch, cassava starch, rice flour, corn starch, glutinous rice flour, and wheat flour to produce sugar syrup at 60°C, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The major end products of starch hydrolysis were maltose and maltotriose with a small amount of glucose, confirming this enzyme as an α-amylase. The enzyme improved the washing efficiency of cotton fabric with commercial detergent. Results indicated the potential of alkaline α-amylase produced from a new isolate of G. kaustophilus TSCCA02 for application as a detergent additive on an industrial scale.