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Usage and acceptability of data normalization in baseball pitching.

Kevin A Giordano1, Adam J Barrack2, William M Murrah3

  • 1Departments of Orthopedics and Physical Therapy, Holy Cross Orthopedics Institute, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ratio normalization in baseball pitching biomechanics doesn't fully account for athlete size differences. This impacts how pitching velocity predicts elbow valgus torque, affecting injury risk analysis.

Keywords:
Biomechanics data analysisKineticsRatio variablesStatistics

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Biomechanics
  • Baseball Pitching Analysis
  • Injury Prevention Research

Background:

  • Kinetic values in baseball pitching are often normalized by mass or mass*height for inter-athlete comparisons.
  • Normalization methods must satisfy statistical assumptions to ensure accurate data interpretation.
  • Previous studies have not fully evaluated the impact of normalization on predictive relationships in pitching biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether normalization of elbow valgus torque influences the prediction of pitching velocity.
  • To compare regression models with and without normalized torque values to assess the impact of normalization.
  • To determine if common normalization techniques adequately account for anthropometric variations in pitchers.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of motion capture data from 1988 youth to professional baseball pitchers.
  • Testing normalization assumptions by comparing linear regression models with and without a zero intercept.
  • Examining residual correlations between confounding anthropometric variables and normalized torque.
  • Utilizing regression model comparison to evaluate the predictive effect of velocity on torque.

Main Results:

  • Mass and mass*height normalization did not eliminate the relationship with elbow valgus torque.
  • Pitching velocity predicted only 10% of the variance in unnormalized elbow valgus torque.
  • Normalized torque showed higher variance prediction: 59% for mass-normalized and 45% for mass*height-normalized torque.
  • Normalization led to different conclusions regarding the magnitude of velocity's effect on torque.

Conclusions:

  • Ratio normalization in baseball pitching biomechanics does not fully account for individual anthropometric differences.
  • Normalization can alter the perceived relationship between pitching velocity and elbow valgus torque.
  • Regression model comparison is recommended to properly account for anthropometric variables in pitching kinetic data analysis.