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Introduction to Trial-Level Subgroup Analysis: A Tutorial
Peter J Godolphin1, Conor D Tweed1, David J Fisher1
1UCL Innovative Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology University College London London UK.
Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods
|August 4, 2026
Summary
This tutorial explains trial-level subgroup analysis in meta-analysis. It covers how to conduct, interpret, and statistically test subgroup effects for better research insights.
Area of Science:
- Biostatistics
- Medical Research Methodology
Background:
- Subgroup analyses are common in meta-analysis.
- Distinguishing trial-level from participant-level data is crucial for accurate interpretation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and explain trial-level subgroup analysis in meta-analysis.
- To guide researchers on performing and interpreting these analyses correctly.
Main Methods:
- The tutorial outlines the rationale and methodology for trial-level subgroup analysis.
- It includes methods for distinguishing data types and performing statistical tests.
Main Results:
- Provides a clear framework for understanding subgroup effects in meta-analysis.
- Illustrates the process of conducting formal statistical testing for subgroup differences.
Conclusions:
- Trial-level subgroup analysis is a valuable tool for meta-analytic research.
- Proper methodology ensures reliable interpretation of subgroup effects.
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