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CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
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Effects of External Stimulation on Psychedelic State Neurodynamics.

Pedro A M Mediano1,2, Fernando E Rosas3,4,5,6, Christopher Timmermann4

  • 1Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience
|January 12, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychedelics like LSD increase brain entropy (neural signal diversity), especially with eyes closed. Environmental context significantly influences these effects and their link to subjective experiences during psychedelic therapy.

Keywords:
complexityconsciousnessneurosciencepsychedelics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Psychedelics enhance brain entropy, linked to psychological outcomes.
  • Brain entropy decrease indicates loss of consciousness.
  • Context's impact on psychedelic effects is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how context modulates brain entropy during psychedelic experiences.
  • Examine the role of stimulus manipulation (eyes open/closed, music, video) on LSD's effects.

Main Methods:

  • Participants received lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or placebo.
  • Brain entropy was measured under varying sensory conditions (eyes closed/open, no stimulus, music, video).

Main Results:

  • LSD consistently increased brain entropy across all conditions.
  • The most significant entropy increases occurred with eyes closed.
  • Subjective experience correlations were disrupted by video stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental context critically modulates neural dynamics during psychedelic states.
  • Optimizing the setting is crucial for psychedelic psychotherapy effectiveness.
  • Findings support the role of sensory input in shaping psychedelic experiences.