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Acoustofluidic separation of prolate and spherical micro-objects.

Muhammad Soban Khan1, Mushtaq Ali1, Song Ha Lee1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|January 15, 2024
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This study introduces a novel acoustofluidic technique for label-free micro-object separation based on shape. The method utilizes acoustic radiation forces to differentiate particles by morphology, achieving high purity and recovery rates.

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ChemistryEngineeringMaterials sciencePhysics

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustofluidics
  • Microfluidics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Chemical Assays

Background:

  • Current microfluidic separation methods primarily use object size, limiting applications.
  • Separating micro-objects by shape is essential for advanced biomedical and chemical analyses.
  • Developing shape-dependent separation techniques is a key challenge in microfluidics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an on-demand, label-free acoustofluidic method for shape-based micro-object separation.
  • To differentiate prolate ellipsoids from spherical microparticles using acoustic radiation forces and torque.
  • To validate the method's efficacy using simulations and experimental microparticle and bioparticle samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized traveling surface acoustic waves to induce acoustic radiation force and torque on micro-objects.
  • Exploited the alignment of non-spherical objects (prolate ellipsoids) in an acoustic field, altering their cross-sectional area.
  • Conducted numerical simulations and experimental validation with polystyrene microspheres, ellipsoids, peanut-shaped particles, and *Thalassiosira eccentrica*.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that particle alignment due to acoustic torque reduces backscattering and radiation force magnitude.
  • Achieved shape-based separation by leveraging morphology-dependent variations in acoustic radiation force.
  • Confirmed high purity and high recovery rates in separating micro-objects based on their distinct shapes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed acoustofluidic method enables precise, label-free separation of micro-objects based on shape.
  • The technique offers a versatile platform for applications in drug delivery, biosensing, and nanofabrication.
  • Successfully demonstrated shape-based separation of the bioparticle *Thalassiosira eccentrica*, highlighting its potential in biological assays.