Analysis of polarization features of human breast cancer tissue by Mueller matrix visualization

Breast cancer ranks second in the world in terms of the number of women diagnosed. Effective methods for its early-stage detection are critical for facilitating timely intervention and lowering the mortality rate.

Polarimetry provides much useful information on the structural properties of breast cancer tissue samples and is a valuable diagnostic tool. The present study classifies human breast tissue samples as healthy or cancerous utilizing a surface-illuminated backscatter polarization imaging technique.

The viability of the proposed approach is demonstrated using 95 breast tissue samples, including 35 healthy samples, 20 benign cancer samples, 20 grade-2 malignant samples, and 20 grade-3 malignant samples.

The observation results reveal that element $$ in the Mueller matrix of the healthy samples has a deeper color and greater intensity than that in the breast cancer samples. Conversely, element $$ shows a lighter color and reduced intensity. Finally, element $$ has a darker color in the healthy samples than in the cancer samples. The analysis of variance test results and frequency distribution histograms confirm that elements $$, $$, and $$ provide an effective means of detecting and classifying human breast tissue samples.

Overall, the results indicate that surface-illuminated backscatter polarization imaging has significant potential as an assistive tool for breast cancer diagnosis and classification.