Bio-inspired High-Performance Artificial Ion Pump Mediated by Subnanoscale Dehydration Hydration Effects

The energy conversion in plant chloroplast is carried out by pumping protons into the thylakoid for driving ATP synthesis. Inspired by ion active transport in living organisms, we attempted to design an artificial ion pump induced by subnanoconfinement effects. This ionic device uses two polarity functional nanoporous films as ion-selective valves at both ends and UiO-66 metal-organic framework-filled microchannels as ion storage cavities. In the charging process, ions could be pumped into the central cavities by nanovalves, which produced an ion gradient 10 to 100 times higher than the bulk, and were trapped within the subnanocages by dehydration. In the discharging process, the enriched ions were rehydrated and slowly released by the surface charge of the nanovalves, producing a sustainable ion current. The ion storage efficiency of this nanofluidic device could be improved to 60.3%, and the release time of ion current was also prolonged by 1 order of magnitude. This work combines the active and passive transport of ions to realize fast storage and slow release of ionic current, which provides an ion gradient-mediated novel energy conversion strategy.