Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

5.5K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
5.5K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

23.9K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
23.9K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

3.8K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
3.8K
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

188
The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
188

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with pediatric-onset non-mastocytosis mast cell activation disorders: A CEREMAST study.

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology·2026
Same author

KIT-Targeting Drugs in the Management of Nonadvanced and Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2025
Same author

Signatures of rotation-translation couplings, symmetry-breaking, and intermolecular interactions in the rovibrational spectra of solid H2O@C60.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Study of the TOFPET2c ASIC in time-of-flight detection of x-rays for scatter rejection in medical imaging applications.

Physics in medicine and biology·2025
Same author

A high prevalence of hereditary alpha-tryptasemia in pediatric mastocytoma.

Allergy·2024
Same author

Advances in stem cell and other therapies for Huntington's disease: An update.

Brain research bulletin·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

14.4K

Time-of-flight scatter rejection in x-ray radiography.

J Rossignol1,2, G Bélanger1,2, D Gaudreault1,2

  • 1Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|January 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Time-of-flight (TOF) scatter rejection shows promise for replacing anti-scatter grids (ASGs) in X-ray radiography. Simulations indicate TOF can achieve superior scatter rejection with higher primary photon transmission, potentially reducing radiation exposure.

Keywords:
antiscatter gridmedical imagingradiographyscatter contributionscatter rejectiontime-of-flightx-ray imaging

More Related Videos

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
06:49

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

6.3K
Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

14.4K
In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
06:49

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

6.3K
Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Photonics and Optics

Background:

  • Traditional anti-scatter grids (ASGs) in X-ray radiography improve image quality by reducing scattered photons but also attenuate primary photons, increasing radiation dose.
  • Time-of-flight (TOF) scatter rejection, previously applied to cone-beam computed tomography, offers a potential grid-less alternative for scatter reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility and performance of TOF scatter rejection for X-ray radiography.
  • To compare the effectiveness of TOF scatter rejection against conventional ASGs through simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations were conducted using the GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) toolkit.
  • Radiography scenarios included head, torso, and water cylinder with bone inserts, with varying timing jitters (0-500 ps FWHM).
  • TOF scatter rejection performance was assessed by its transmission factor for primary and scattered photons, mimicking a virtual ASG.

Main Results:

  • At 50 ps timing jitter, TOF scatter rejection achieved a selectivity of 4.93 with 99% primary photon transmission.
  • Reducing timing jitter to near 0 ps enhanced selectivity to 15.85 for head and torso imaging.
  • This performance surpasses typical ASGs (selectivity 2.5-10, 50-70% primary transmission).

Conclusions:

  • TOF scatter rejection demonstrates superior performance compared to conventional ASGs in simulated X-ray radiography.
  • Achieving low timing jitter is crucial for TOF scatter rejection to effectively replace ASGs.
  • This technology holds potential for reducing radiation exposure in medical imaging applications.