Factors Associated with Perioperative Edema in Patients with Stage I Gastric Cancer Using a Body Composition Analyzer

Assessment of nutritional status and nutritional interventions is important in gastric cancer patients. We investigated the factors associated with perioperative edema in patients with stage I gastric cancer using a body composition analyzer.

The study included 106 patients with stage I gastric cancer who underwent distal gastrectomy. The body composition of each patient was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using an InBody 720 body composition analyzer. Patients with an extracellular water to total body water ratio of ≥ 0.4 before and 1 week after gastrectomy were considered to have edema, the cause of which was determined retrospectively.

Patients with preoperative edema were significantly older, had a significantly higher lymph node metastasis rate and disease stage, and had a significantly poorer Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) compared with patients without preoperative edema. The group with postoperative edema had significantly higher proportions of elderly and female patients as well as a higher rate of Billroth-II reconstruction compared with the group without postoperative edema. The group with postoperative edema also had significantly lower intracellular water content, total body water content, protein content, skeletal muscle mass, and PNI.

Preoperative edema occurs in elderly patients with poor nutritional status, and postoperative edema occurs in elderly patients with a shorter operative time. Perioperative edema status assessed by BIA is thought to be related to perioperative nutritional status.