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Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

Induced Electric Dipoles

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬Â 'ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½ Â´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬Â 'ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½ Â´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

Magnetodielectric Effect in a Triangular Dysprosium Single-Molecule Toroics.

Yu-Xia Wang¹, Yicheng Zhou², Yinina Ma³

¹Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|January 17, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Single-molecule toroics exhibit a significant magnetodielectric effect. This property, linked to spin-lattice coupling and Dy3+ ion interactions, shows promise for future applications in molecular magnetism.

Keywords:

magnetodielectric effect single-molecule magnets single-molecule toroics triangular dysprosium SMMs

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Published on: July 3, 2015

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬Â 'ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½ Â´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬Â 'ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½ Â´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

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Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Published on: July 3, 2015

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Molecular Magnetism

Background:

Single-molecule toroics are molecular magnets characterized by a vortex distribution of magnetic moments.
The coupling between magnetic and electric properties, known as the magnetoelectric effect, is crucial for advanced material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the observation of a significant magnetodielectric effect in a specific material.
To investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect in the studied crystal.

Main Methods:

Experimental characterization of magnetic properties.
Measurement of electric properties under varying magnetic fields.
Analysis of magnetic relaxation phenomena.
Crystallographic and structural analysis.

Main Results:

A significant magnetodielectric effect was observed in a triangular Dy3 crystal.
The crystal exhibits a toroidal magnetic moment and multiple magnetic relaxation processes.
The magnetodielectric effect is strongly correlated with spin-lattice coupling and magnetic interactions of Dy3+ ions.

Conclusions:

The observed magnetodielectric effect is attributed to strong spin-lattice coupling and magnetic interactions of Dy3+ ions.
Molecular packing models play a role in the magnetodielectric behavior.
This finding highlights the potential of single-molecule toroics for applications leveraging coupled magnetic and electric properties.