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Simulation of dual-purpose chicken breeding programs implementing gene editing.

Edward Y S Chuang1, Robin Wellmann2, Franck L B Meijboom3

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Gene editing can accelerate genetic gain in chickens by up to 81%, improving dual-purpose traits and animal welfare. Careful SNP selection is crucial to balance genetic progress with potential health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Chick culling is an ethical concern in layer breeds due to poor meat production in males.
  • Dual-purpose chickens aim to improve both egg and meat traits but face genetic trade-offs.
  • Gene editing offers a potential solution to accelerate genetic progress in dual-purpose chickens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate the impact of gene editing on genetic gain in dual-purpose chicken breeding.
  • To compare breeding schemes with and without gene editing for simultaneous trait improvement.
  • To assess the influence of gene editing on negatively correlated production and health traits.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated two breeding schemes: layer line improvement and synthetic line improvement.
  • Incorporated polygenic breeding values and 500 quantitative trait loci (QTL) with pleiotropy.
  • Modeled breeding programs with and without gene editing, considering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Main Results:

  • Gene editing accelerated genetic gain by up to 81% in simulated dual-purpose chicken breeding.
  • The extent of acceleration depended on the number of SNPs edited per animal.
  • Genetic improvement rates converged after 20 generations due to small QTL effects and off-target concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Gene editing shows potential for accelerating simultaneous improvement of negatively correlated traits in animal breeding.
  • Careful selection of the number of SNPs for editing is essential to optimize genetic gain while mitigating risks.
  • Gene editing is recommended when QTL with detectable, reasonable effect sizes are available.