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Updated: Jul 5, 2025
Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System
Published on: December 29, 2023
Effects of virtual reality-based cognitive interventions on cognitive function and activity of daily living among
Lin Rose Sin Yi1, Su Jing Jing2, Abu-Odah Hammoda2
1School of Nursing, Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
Aims:
To examine the effects of virtual reality-based cognitive interventions on cognitive function and activities of daily living among stroke patients, and to identify the optimal design for such intervention.
Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data Sources:
Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINANL, JBI-EBP and Web of Science from inception to October 2023.
Methods:
Methodological quality was assessed by Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analyses were assessed by Review Manager 5.4. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the influence of study design. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was adopted to assess the certainty of evidence.
Results:
Twenty-five randomized controlled trials (1178 participants) were included. Virtual reality-based cognitive interventions demonstrated moderate-to-large effects in improving global cognitive function (SMD = 0.43; 95% CI [0.01, 0.85]), executive function (SMD = 0.84; 95% CI [0.25, 1.43]) and memory (SMD = 0.65; 95% CI [0.15, 1.16]) compared to control treatments. No significant effects were found on language, visuospatial ability and activities of daily living. Subgroup analyses indicated one-on-one coaching, individualized design and dynamic difficulty adjustment, and interventions lasting ≥ 6 weeks had particularly enhanced effects, especially for executive function.
Conclusions:
Virtual reality-based cognitive interventions improve global cognitive function, executive function and memory among stroke patients.
Implications For The Patient Care:
This review underscores the broad cognitive advantages offered by virtual technology, suggesting its potential integration into standard stroke rehabilitation protocols for enhanced cognitive recovery.
Impact:
The study identifies key factors in virtual technology interventions that effectively improve cognitive function among stroke patients, offering healthcare providers a framework for leveraging such technology to optimize cognitive outcomes in stroke rehabilitation.
Reporting Method:
PRISMA 2020 statement.
Prospero Registration Number:
CRD42022342668.
