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Related Concept Videos

Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic01:25

Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic

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The pharmacological actions of acetylcholine are elicited via its binding to two families of cholinergic receptors or cholinoceptors, namely, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and have five subtypes, M1–M5. All mAChR subtypes are activated by acetylcholine and blocked by the antagonist, atropine. 
The subtypes M1, M3, and M5 couple with the Gq subunit and activate the phospholipase C (PLC) activity, mobilizing intracellular Ca2+....
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Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic01:15

Cholinergic Receptors: Nicotinic

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Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by acetylcholine and nicotine. Upon activation, they cause a rapid increase in the permeability of cells to K+, Na+, and Ca2+, followed by depolarization and excitation. They are in the autonomic ganglia, skeletal neuromuscular junction, CNS, and adrenal medulla.
There are two types of nicotinic receptors: neuromuscular (NM/NM/N1) and neuronal (NN/NN/N2). The two families differ based on their location and selectivity to...
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Parasympathetic Signaling01:30

Parasympathetic Signaling

1.9K
Parasympathetic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It involves the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by parasympathetic neurons, which can have localized and short-lived effects. The majority of ACh released is rapidly inactivated at the synapse by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate. Additionally, the tissue cholinesterase deactivates any ACh diffusing into the surrounding tissues.
The effects of...
1.9K
Muscle Contraction01:10

Muscle Contraction

6.4K
In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. Thus, electrical signals from the brain are transmitted to the muscle. Subsequently, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to prevent excessive...
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:22

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

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Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...
978
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Synaptic Transmission in Frog Neuromuscular Contacts.

Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine·2022
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Presynaptic nicotinic cholinoreceptors modulate velocity of the action potential propagation along the motor nerve endings at a high-frequency synaptic activity.

Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections·2016
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Identification of the muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in autoregulation of acetylcholine quantal release from frog motor nerve endings.

Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections·2015
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Hydrodynamic flow in a synaptic cleft during exocytosis.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2011
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Effect of a tetraalkylammonium derivative of 6-methyluracil from a new class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the endplate potential amplitude in muscles of different function types under high-frequency nerve stimulation.

Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections·2007
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Effect of tetraalkylammonium derivatives of 6-methyluracil on the endplate potentials of muscles of different functional types.

Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections·2005

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice
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Muscarinic Cholinoreceptors in Skeletal Muscle: Localization and Functional Role.

I V Kovyazina1,2, A A Khamidullina1

  • 1Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, 420012 Russian Federation.

Acta Naturae
|January 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Muscarinic receptors in skeletal muscles regulate more than just nerve signaling; they also influence synapse development and structure. Understanding these complex roles and signaling pathways is crucial for neuromuscular transmission research.

Keywords:
acetylcholineautoregulationmuscarinic cholinoreceptorneuromuscular junctionskeletal muscle

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Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student Laboratory Exercise in Proprioception
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Muscarinic cholinoreceptors are implicated in neuromuscular transmission, but their precise functions and signaling pathways in skeletal muscle remain incompletely understood.
  • While historically linked to neurosecretion, muscarinic receptor roles extend to synaptic development and adaptation to muscle activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review modern concepts of muscarinic cholinoreceptor functions in skeletal muscle, focusing on neuromuscular contacts.
  • To elucidate signaling pathways activated by muscarinic receptor subtypes in skeletal muscles of diverse animal groups.
  • To analyze methodologies and interpretational challenges in studying muscarinic receptor roles in motor synapses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of modern concepts and research approaches.
  • Analysis of experimental data concerning muscarinic receptor functions in motor synapses.
  • Examination of intracellular mechanisms and signaling pathways mediating muscarinic effects.

Main Results:

  • Muscarinic receptor functions in skeletal muscle encompass neurosecretion modulation, synaptic apparatus development, and morphological adaptation.
  • Diverse muscarinic receptor subtypes are involved in skeletal muscle physiology across cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals.
  • Intracellular signaling pathways are critical mediators of muscarinic agent effects on neuromuscular transmission.

Conclusions:

  • The functions of muscarinic receptors in skeletal muscle are multifaceted, extending beyond neurosecretion to synaptic plasticity.
  • Further research is needed to fully clarify the complex regulatory roles and intracellular mechanisms of muscarinic receptors in skeletal muscle.
  • Understanding these pathways is essential for advancing knowledge of neuromuscular function and potential therapeutic interventions.