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Factors associated with neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, a case-control study.
Thanaporn Rattanasakol1, Ratchada Kitsommart1
1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|January 18, 2024
Summary
Fetal growth restriction and neonatal sepsis are key risk factors for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in newborns. Affected infants require higher glucose support and may need diazoxide therapy.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is a significant neonatal condition.
- Identifying perinatal risk factors is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify perinatal risk factors for neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
- To characterize clinical and biochemical features of affected neonates.
- To explore the duration of diazoxide treatment.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 52 infants with HH and matched controls.
- Individual chart reviews were conducted for infants born between 2014 and 2021.
- Gestational age strata were used for matching cases and controls.
Main Results:
- Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and neonatal sepsis were significant risk factors for HH (aOR 8.1 and 6.3, respectively).
- Infants with HH had lower plasma glucose levels and required higher glucose infusion rates.
- The median duration of diazoxide therapy was 4 months.
Conclusions:
- FGR and neonatal sepsis are significant perinatal risk factors for HH.
- HH neonates exhibit distinct biochemical profiles requiring intensive glucose management.
- Diazoxide therapy is utilized in a substantial proportion of HH cases, with a median treatment duration of 4 months.
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