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Disparities in Olfactory Dysfunction in African Americans.

Nicholas J Choi1, Kevin J Sykes2, Mark Villwock2

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African Americans (AA) performed worse than Whites on objective olfactory tests, with a higher prevalence of hyposmia. Self-reported smell function, however, showed no difference between groups.

Keywords:
AROMASST-12anosmiahyposmiaolfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Olfactory research
  • Racial-ethnic health disparities
  • Sensory science

Background:

  • Olfactory function can vary across different populations.
  • Objective testing is crucial for accurate assessment of smell deficits.
  • Understanding racial-ethnic differences in olfaction is important for healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare olfactory performance between African Americans (AA) and Whites using objective tests.
  • To identify potential racial-ethnic disparities in scent detection and identification.
  • To assess the cultural relevance of scents used in olfactory testing.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included 102 healthy adults (46 AA, 56 Whites).
  • Objective olfactory tests included the Affordable Rapid Olfactory Measurement Array (AROMA) and Sniffin' Sticks (SST-12).
  • Self-reported olfactory function was assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22).

Main Results:

  • AA participants scored significantly lower than Whites on both AROMA and SST-12.
  • A higher percentage of AA (60.9%) were classified as hyposmic compared to Whites (30.4%) based on SST-12.
  • AA identified fewer scents accurately on AROMA, including licorice, orange, and cinnamon.

Conclusions:

  • African Americans demonstrated poorer performance on objective olfactory tests compared to Whites.
  • A greater proportion of African Americans were identified as hyposmic, indicating a potential objective deficit.
  • Discrepancies between objective findings and self-reported function suggest further investigation into cultural factors in scent testing.