Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2025
The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
Published on: June 29, 2019
Designing, Developing, and Validating a Set of Standardized Pictograms to Support Pediatric-Reported Gastroduodenal
Gayl Humphrey1, Celia Keane2, Armen Gharibans3
1Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
Insights
New static and animated gastroduodenal symptom pictograms for children were developed and validated. These pictograms show high validity and acceptability, improving symptom reporting in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Medical Imaging
- Patient Communication
Background:
- Standardized communication of gastroduodenal symptoms in children is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
- Existing pictograms are often designed for adults and may not be suitable for pediatric populations.
- Developing child-friendly visual aids can improve symptom reporting and understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a set of static and animated gastroduodenal symptom pictograms specifically for children.
- To assess the acceptability, face, and content validity of these novel pediatric pictograms.
- To compare the newly developed pediatric pictograms with existing adult pictograms.
Main Methods:
- A 3-phase study involving cocreation with children, online surveys for validity assessment, and a preference study.
- Experience design methods were used for the initial development of static and animated pictograms.
- The study compared pediatric pictograms against adult pictograms in terms of acceptability, validity, and preference.
Main Results:
- Ten static and animated gastroduodenal pictograms were developed with high face and content validity in children aged 6-18.
- Pediatric pictograms demonstrated superior validity and acceptability compared to existing adult pictograms.
- Children with more severe symptoms showed better comprehension, and participants preferred the static pediatric set.
Conclusions:
- The developed static and animated gastroduodenal pictograms are acceptable and valid for use in children.
- These pictograms can enhance standardized symptom reporting in pediatric clinical and research settings.
- The findings support the use of these visual tools to improve communication about gastroduodenal disorders in children.
Objective:
To develop and validate a set of static and animated gastroduodenal symptom pictograms for children.
Study Design:
There were 3 study phases: 1: cocreation using experience design methods to develop pediatric gastroduodenal symptom pictograms (static and animated); 2: an online survey to assess acceptability, as well as face and content validity; and 3: a preference study. Phases 2 and 3 compared the novel pediatric pictograms with existing pictograms used with adult patients.
Results:
Eight children aged 6-15 years (5 female) participated in phase 1, and 69 children in phase 2 (median age 13 years: IQR 9-15); an additional 49 participants were included in phase 3 (median age 15: IQR 12-17). Face and content validity were higher for the pediatric static and animated pictogram sets compared with pre-existing adult pictograms (78% vs 78% vs 61%). Participants with worse gastric symptoms had superior comprehension of the pediatric pictograms (χ2 [8, N = 118] P < .001). All participants preferred the pediatric static pictogram set was over both the animated and adult sets (χ2 [2, N = 118] P < .001).
Conclusions:
The cocreation phase resulted in the symptom concept confirmation and design of 10 acceptable static and animated gastroduodenal pictograms with high face and content validity when evaluated with children aged 6-18. Validity was superior when children reported more problematic symptoms. Therefore, these pictograms could be used in clinical and research practice to enable standardized symptom reporting for children with gastroduodenal disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:
01:17Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System I: Subjective Data
Health History
The initial step in assessing the GI system is obtaining a comprehensive health history. This includes inquiring about the patient's history or presence of problems...
01:29Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
01:28Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
01:29Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
01:24Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...