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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Transformers01:16

Types Of Transformers

977
Transformers can provide desired voltages to a circuit by modifying the number of turns in the secondary windings.
If the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to that of the primary winding is greater than one, then the transformer is said to be a step-up transformer. In a step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary winding is greater than the voltage applied at the primary winding.
However, if this ratio is less than one, the transformer is said to be a step-down...
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Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

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In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the...
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Transformers in Distribution System01:27

Transformers in Distribution System

103
Transformers in distribution systems can be broadly categorized into distribution substation transformers and other distribution transformers. They are crucial for stepping down high transmission voltages to levels suitable for distribution and end-user applications.
Distribution substation transformers come in various ratings and typically use mineral oil for insulation and cooling. To prevent moisture and air from entering the oil, some transformers use an inert gas like nitrogen to fill the...
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Instrument Transformers01:23

Instrument Transformers

85
Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

876
In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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The Ideal Transformer01:26

The Ideal Transformer

395
In single-phase two-winding transformers, two windings are coiled around a magnetic core characterized by cross-sectional area A and magnetic permeability μ. A phasor current i1 enters the left winding while i2 exits the right winding, establishing the fundamental working of the transformer through electromagnetic principles.
Ampere's Law forms the basis of understanding the magnetic field within the transformer. It states that the integral of the magnetic field intensity's...
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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

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SATCount: A scale-aware transformer-based class-agnostic counting framework.

Yutian Wang1, Bin Yang1, Xi Wang2

  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software, Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering, Wuhan University, China; School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.

Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society
|January 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces SATCount, a novel object counting method that effectively integrates scale and visual information using a transformer-based approach. SATCount enhances counting accuracy, particularly for multi-scale objects, outperforming existing techniques.

Keywords:
Class-agnostic countingObject counting

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Machine Learning
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Class-agnostic object counting relies on limited exemplars.
  • Current methods use convolution for feature similarity, often ignoring scale and losing semantic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a more accurate object counting algorithm that addresses limitations of existing methods.
  • To improve counting performance for objects with multi-scale characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a scale-aware transformer-based feature fusion module integrating visual and scale information.
  • Utilized cross-attention to model similarity between samples and queries.
  • Developed the SATCount algorithm comprising a feature extraction backbone, feature fusion module, and density map regression head.

Main Results:

  • The proposed SATCount model demonstrated superior performance on FSC-147 and CARPK datasets.
  • The scale-aware module effectively handled multi-scale object characteristics, improving counting accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • SATCount offers a significant advancement in class-agnostic object counting.
  • Integrating scale information and using transformer-based feature fusion are key to enhancing counting performance.