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Related Concept Videos

Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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Related Experiment Video

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Getting pastoral systems productivity right.

Geraldo B Martha1, Luis Gustavo Barioni2, Patrícia M Santos3

  • 1Embrapa Digital Agriculture, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program - Institute of Economics/Center for Studies in Applied, Agricultural and Environmental Economics (CEA), Unicamp - Campus Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

The Science of the Total Environment
|January 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sustainable beef production requires evaluating both animal performance and stocking density. Focusing solely on stocking rates may hinder accurate assessment of pasture productivity and sustainable intensification efforts.

Keywords:
Agricultural policiesBio-economic modelingDecision-makingSustainable intensificationYield gap

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Pasture-based beef production faces scrutiny due to environmental impacts.
  • Sustainable intensification aims to increase yields while reducing environmental harm.
  • Current metrics for sustainable intensification in pastoral systems need re-evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To scrutinize the sole reliance on stocking rate as a metric for sustainable intensification in beef production.
  • To advocate for a more comprehensive approach to assessing productivity in pasture-based systems.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses the limitations of using stocking rate as the primary metric.
  • It proposes considering animal performance (kg product/head) alongside stocking rate (heads/ha).

Main Results:

  • Stocking rate alone may not fully capture the complexities of sustainable intensification.
  • A dual-metric approach (animal performance and stocking rate) offers a more nuanced understanding.

Conclusions:

  • Future research should integrate animal performance and stocking rates for a robust assessment of beef production systems.
  • This integrated approach is crucial for informed decision-making and effective policy development in sustainable food systems.