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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Overview
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Autosomal allelic inactivation at loci with variable replication timing and dosage sensitivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

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Brd2 is dispensable for genome compartmentalization and replication timing.

Laura Hinojosa-Gonzalez1, Jesse L Turner2,3, Takayo Sasaki2

  • 1La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|January 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Brd2 depletion does not alter genome replication timing or A/B compartmentalization in mouse stem cells. These findings challenge previous reports suggesting significant changes after Brd2 knockdown.

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Replication timing (RT) reflects genome organization, with early replication linked to active euchromatin (A) and late replication to heterochromatin (B).
  • Previous studies suggested Brd2 depletion caused widespread changes in A/B genome compartmentalization.

Approach:

  • Investigated the impact of Brd2 depletion on RT using E/L Repli-Seq in mouse embryonic stem cells.
  • Re-analyzed Micro-C data from prior experiments to assess A/B compartmentalization changes.

Key Points:

  • No significant alterations in replication timing were detected after Brd2 depletion.
  • Re-analysis of Micro-C data did not reveal changes in A/B compartmentalization upon Brd2 depletion.
  • Brd2 knockdown did not affect these key genome organization properties.

Conclusions:

  • Brd2 depletion alone does not impact A/B compartmentalization or replication timing in mouse embryonic stem cells.
  • These results provide a revised understanding of Brd2's role in genome organization.