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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
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Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
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Correction: Jiménez-Sánchez et al. Antioxidant Enzymes Genetic Variants Associated with Urticaria/Angioedema Induced by Cross-Reactive Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. <i>Pharmaceuticals</i> 2026, <i>19</i>, 522.

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Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Matthias Miederer1,2,3,4, Martina Benešová-Schäfer5, Constantin Mamat6,7

  • 1Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alpha-emitting radionuclides show promise for targeted cancer therapy due to their unique properties for single tumor cell targeting. This review covers their production, delivery, and clinical use in endoradiotherapy.

Keywords:
actinium-225alpha emitterhigh lettargeted alpha therapytheranostic

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Targeted endoradiotherapy using radionuclides is a rapidly advancing field in cancer treatment.
  • Understanding the biological effects of different radiation qualities is crucial for developing new therapies.
  • Therapeutic nuclear medicine has seen significant progress, particularly with combined imaging and therapy approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in alpha-emitting radionuclides for targeted endoradiotherapy.
  • To discuss the production and chemical conjugation of alpha-emitting isotopes.
  • To summarize clinical experiences and identify open questions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on alpha-emitting radionuclides.
  • Discussion of production methods for alpha-emitting isotopes.
  • Analysis of chemical strategies for radionuclide delivery.
  • Evaluation of clinical data from compassionate use and trials.

Main Results:

  • Alpha-emitting radionuclides offer advantages for single tumor cell targeting due to their physical properties.
  • Progress has been made in the production and chemical combination of these isotopes with targeting molecules.
  • Clinical experience from compassionate use and trials indicates potential therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Alpha-emitter-based endoradiotherapy holds significant promise for oncology.
  • Further research is needed on isotope production, delivery systems, and broader clinical validation.
  • Optimizing the use of alpha-emitting radionuclides can enhance targeted cancer treatment strategies.