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Degradable Polymeric Bio(nano)materials and Their Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Overview and Recent

Ketan Kuperkar1, Leonard Ionut Atanase2,3, Anita Bahadur4

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Polymers
|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Degradable polymers offer biocompatible, low-cost solutions for biomedical uses. This review covers natural and synthetic polymers, their modifications, and applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Degradable polymers are increasingly vital in biomedical applications due to their favorable properties like biocompatibility and low cost.
  • Natural polymers (polysaccharides, proteins) and synthetic polymers (polyesters, polyamides, etc.) are key materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of natural and synthetic degradable polymers for biomedical applications.
  • To describe various polymer modification techniques and their impact on material properties.
  • To highlight the biomedical applications and challenges addressed by these advanced polymer systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on natural and synthetic degradable polymers.
  • Description of polymer modification strategies: cross-linking, polyblends, nanocomposites, functionalization, copolymers.
  • Analysis of degradation mechanisms, drug loading, and toxicology of polymeric nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Detailed account of various polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers (polyesters, polyamino acids, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyurethanes).
  • Elucidation of transformation approaches including cross-linking, polyblends, nanocomposites, and copolymerization.
  • Definition of degradation mechanisms, drug loading, and toxicological profiles of resulting nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Degradable polymers are versatile biomaterials for wound healing, biosensors, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
  • Polymer modification techniques enhance material performance for specific biomedical needs.
  • Nanoscale systems based on degradable polymers show significant potential in overcoming current drug delivery challenges.