The Impact and Effects of Host Immunogenetics on Infectious Disease Studies Using Non-Human Primates in Biomedical...

Area of Science:

• Infectious disease research and comparative immunology.

Background:

• Non-human primates (NHPs) serve as vital animal models for infectious disease research when rodent models are insufficient.
• NHPs offer anatomical and biological system complexity relevant to human physiology and susceptibility to specific pathogens.
• Genetic variation within NHP populations can influence study outcomes, necessitating consideration of host factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of host immunogenetics on infectious disease dynamics in non-human primates.
• To highlight the importance of understanding genetic variation, specifically MHC and TRIM5, in commonly used NHP species.
• To emphasize how this knowledge enhances the effective use of NHPs in combating viral infections.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on NHP models in infectious disease research.
• Focus on specific genetic factors: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and TRIM5 polymorphism.
• Analysis of adaptive and innate immunity aspects in Old and New World NHP species.

Main Results:

• NHP models have been instrumental in understanding pathogenesis, such as for HIV/SIV and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
• Studies in NHPs have evaluated vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy, identifying correlates of protection.
• Host genetic variations, including MHC and TRIM5, significantly impact infection outcomes and immune responses in NHPs.

Conclusions:

• Understanding NHP host immunogenetics is essential for optimizing their use in infectious disease research.
• Knowledge of genetic variation improves the reliability and applicability of NHP models for human health.
• Effective utilization of NHPs, informed by immunogenetics, aids in combating both established and emerging viral threats worldwide.