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Modular supersonic nozzle for the stable laser-driven electron acceleration.

Zhenzhe Lei1,2,3, Zhan Jin1,2,3, Yan-Jun Gu1,2

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A new supersonic nozzle design stabilizes gas flow for more stable electron beams in laser wakefield acceleration. This improves the reliability of femtosecond electron bunches generated by shock injection.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Laser-Particle Acceleration

Background:

  • Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) generates quasi-monoenergetic electron beams using the sharp density down-ramp injection (shock injection) mechanism.
  • The stability of these electron beams is crucial and depends heavily on the stability of the laser and the shock structure generated by the supersonic gas nozzle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel modular supersonic nozzle with a flexible stilling chamber and a converging-diverging structure.
  • To assess the nozzle's performance in stabilizing gas flow for improved LWFA.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
  • Experimental validation using Mach-Zehnder interferometry.

Main Results:

  • The flexible stilling chamber effectively stabilizes the gas flow.
  • Simulation and experimental results show strong agreement, confirming the nozzle's design effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The newly designed modular supersonic nozzle significantly enhances gas flow stability.
  • This improved stability is critical for producing stable, quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in laser wakefield acceleration via shock injection.