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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Effect of CO2 Concentrations on Entomopathogen Fitness and Insect-Pathogen Interactions.

Pascal Herren1,2,3, Alison M Dunn1, Nicolai V Meyling2

  • 1Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Microbial Ecology
|January 23, 2024
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Summary

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) affects insect pathogens differently, reducing bacterial viability but enhancing fungal germination. Insects exposed to high CO2 show decreased susceptibility to pathogens, impacting biological control strategies.

Keywords:
Bacillus thuringiensisBiocontrolHost-pathogen InteractionsInsect CultureMetarhizium brunneumTenebrio molitor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Entomology
  • Insect Pathology
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Insects and their pathogens encounter elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) in various environments.
  • The effects of increased CO2 on pathogen fitness and insect susceptibility are poorly understood.
  • Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) is relevant for food/feed production and as a stored grain pest, making host-pathogen interactions critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of elevated CO2 on the viability of entomopathogens.
  • To assess how elevated CO2 affects the susceptibility of Tenebrio molitor larvae to pathogens.
  • To understand the implications for mass-rearing systems and biological control of T. molitor.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed the viability and persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis spores under elevated CO2.
  • Evaluated the germination rate of Metarhizium brunneum conidia under elevated CO2.
  • Exposed T. molitor larvae to elevated CO2 and subsequently infected them with pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CO2 reduced the viability and persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis spores.
  • Metarhizium brunneum conidia exhibited faster germination under elevated CO2.
  • T. molitor larvae reared at elevated CO2 showed reduced susceptibility to both pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated CO2 has differential effects on entomopathogen viability and germination.
  • Increased CO2 in mass-rearing may decrease insect susceptibility but reduce pathogen efficacy.
  • CO2 concentration is a crucial environmental factor to consider in insect-pathogen interaction studies.