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School-Based Tele-Behavioral Health: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Nathaniel A Sowa1, Katie Gaffney1, Amanda Sanders1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
The Journal of School Health
|January 24, 2024
Summary
School-based tele-behavioral health is feasible and effective for children and adolescents, despite limited research. This approach expands access to crucial mental health services in schools.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric behavioral health
- Telemedicine in education
- Mental health services delivery
Background:
- Telehealth use surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting school-based health programs.
- School-based tele-behavioral health offers solutions to access barriers in child and adolescent mental healthcare.
- The current landscape and efficacy of these programs remain largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping literature review on school-based tele-behavioral health programs.
- To identify the characteristics and outcomes of existing in-school tele-behavioral health services for children aged 5-18.
- To synthesize the current evidence on the feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of these interventions.
Main Methods:
- A scoping literature review was performed.
- Studies describing in-school behavioral health services via telehealth for ages 5-18 were included.
- Data extracted included population, setting, intervention, telehealth modality, clinician type, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria.
- Services included psychotherapy and medication management, primarily delivered by psychologists and psychiatrists.
- Eight studies reported outcomes, with four assessing clinical effectiveness, indicating feasibility and effectiveness.
Conclusions:
- School-based tele-behavioral health is a viable method for delivering mental healthcare to youth.
- Despite limited published outcomes, the available evidence suggests effectiveness and acceptability.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the impact and optimize these services.
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