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Related Concept Videos

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Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Overview of the Vascular System01:20

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

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Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
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Vascular Resistance01:20

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Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies
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[Secondary vasculitides].

Katharina Rose1, Christof Iking-Konert2

  • 1Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Stadtspital Zürich, Birmensdorferstraße 497, 8063, Zürich, Schweiz. katharina.rose@stadtspital.ch.

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)
|January 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Secondary vasculitides, linked to primary conditions like infections or malignancies, present diverse symptoms. Early, interdisciplinary diagnosis and treating the underlying cause are crucial for managing these complex inflammatory conditions.

Keywords:
MalignanciesSystemic diseasesVasculitis, drug-inducedVasculitis/differential diagnosisVasculitis/infections

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Secondary vasculitides are inflammatory conditions associated with systemic diseases.
  • Their diagnosis is challenging due to diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Identifying the underlying cause is critical for effective management.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of systemic diseases and etiological factors associated with vasculitides.
  • To highlight the importance of considering secondary vasculitides in atypical or refractory cases.
  • To emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Summary:

  • This review covers systemic diseases, infections, drugs, and malignancies linked to secondary vasculitides.
  • It offers an exemplary, Western European focus on infectious associations.
  • Prioritizing primary disease treatment and drug cessation (if indicated) is essential.

Impact:

  • Aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes for secondary vasculitides.
  • Underscores the need for a systematic approach in complex cases.
  • Promotes interdisciplinary teamwork for better patient care in vasculitis management.