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Information distribution patterns in naturalistic dialogue differ across languages.

James P Trujillo1,2, Judith Holler3,4

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. James.Trujillo@donders.ru.nl.

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|January 24, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spoken language distributes information differently across languages. Some languages load information at the end of utterances (back-loaded), while others load it at the beginning (front-loaded), impacting conversational flow.

Keywords:
ConversationCross-linguisticInformation distributionSurprisalTurn-takingUtterance planning

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Conversation is the natural ecology of language, requiring listeners to process utterances while planning their own.
  • Information distribution within spoken utterances during naturalistic conversation is poorly understood.
  • Cross-linguistic differences in spoken utterance information distribution are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate information distribution patterns at the utterance level in spoken language.
  • To determine if these patterns differ across languages.
  • To explore potential factors influencing these patterns, such as word order and word class usage.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 58,000+ utterances from the matched CallHome corpora.
  • Inclusion of six languages: Arabic, English, German, Japanese, Mandarin, and Spanish.
  • Quantification of information (surprisal) distribution within utterances.

Main Results:

  • English, Spanish, and Mandarin exhibit a back-loaded information distribution (higher surprisal in the latter half).
  • Arabic, German, and Japanese show a front-loaded distribution (higher surprisal in the first half).
  • Back-loaded languages demonstrated longer turn transition times.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct patterns of information distribution exist in spoken utterances across languages.
  • These patterns are influenced by linguistic factors like word order and word class frequency.
  • Information distribution in spoken language impacts conversational dynamics, including turn-taking timing.