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[Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic]
Bin Zhou1, Yu-Kun Huang1, Shao-Xian Hong1
1Structual/Congenital Heart Disease and Ultrasound Center, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China (Xie K-S, Email: kshsieh@hotmail. com).
Insights
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe condition linked to COVID-19, affecting multiple organs. This review covers MIS-C's causes, symptoms, and treatments for better understanding and care.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Immunology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel, severe condition associated with SARS-CoV-2.
- MIS-C shares similarities with Kawasaki disease but presents with distinct gastrointestinal and cardiac manifestations.
- The majority of MIS-C cases are linked to prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicated by positive antibody tests.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current knowledge on MIS-C.
- It examines epidemiological data, pathogenesis theories, and clinical presentations.
- Diagnostic criteria, therapeutic strategies, and patient prognosis are discussed.
Key Points:
- MIS-C involves multi-organ inflammation, often following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are common; cardiac dysfunction can occur.
- Immune dysregulation is a suspected key factor in MIS-C development.
- Intravenous immunoglobulin and supportive care are primary treatments.
Conclusions:
- MIS-C represents a significant post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2 in children.
- Further research into pathogenesis is crucial for targeted therapies.
- Comprehensive understanding aids in timely diagnosis and management of MIS-C.
Abstract:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a complex syndrome characterized by multi-organ involvement that has emerged in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak. The clinical presentation of MIS-C is similar to Kawasaki disease but predominantly presents with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, and severe cases can involve toxic shock and cardiac dysfunction. Epidemiological findings indicate that the majority of MIS-C patients test positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MIS-C remain unclear, though immune dysregulation following SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered a major contributing factor. Current treatment approaches for MIS-C primarily involve intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and symptomatic supportive care. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MIS-C.
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