Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2025
15:43
Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice
Published on: March 17, 2014
22.8K
Airway "Resistotypes" and Clinical Outcomes in Bronchiectasis
Micheál Mac Aogáin1,2,3, Fransiskus Xaverius Ivan3, Tavleen Kaur Jaggi3
1Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|January 25, 2024
Summary
The airway microbiome in bronchiectasis contains a unique profile of antimicrobial resistance genes. These "resistotypes" link to clinical outcomes and can be modified by targeted antibiotic therapy.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genomics
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Chronic infection and inflammation significantly shape the airway microbiome in individuals with bronchiectasis.
- The airway resistome, comprising antimicrobial resistance genes, offers insights into the interplay between microbes, resistance, and clinical outcomes.
- The clinical significance of the diverse pool of antimicrobial resistance genes in bronchiectasis remains largely unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To apply whole-genome shotgun metagenomics to analyze the airway microbiome and resistome in bronchiectasis.
- To identify unique antimicrobial resistance gene profiles within the bronchiectasis resistome.
- To investigate the association between the bronchiectasis resistome and clinical outcomes, including exacerbations and lung function.
Main Methods:
- Prospective recruitment of 280 individuals with bronchiectasis into cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts.
- Inclusion of the international multicenter Cohort of Asian and Matched European Bronchiectasis 2 (CAMEB 2) study.
- Metagenomic sequencing of sputum samples to evaluate the bronchiectasis resistome in relation to clinical data and host microbiomes.
Main Results:
- The bronchiectasis resistome exhibits a unique profile with increased aminoglycoside, bicyclomycin, phenicol, triclosan, and multidrug resistance genes.
- Resistome profiles show within-patient stability over time and during exacerbations, despite between-patient heterogeneity.
- Distinct resistome archetypes (resistotypes) were identified, with one (RT2) associated with poor clinical outcomes, increased multidrug resistance, and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* colonization.
Conclusions:
- The bronchiectasis resistome is associated with clinical outcomes, geographic origin, and the host microbiome.
- Identified bronchiectasis resistotypes (RT1 and RT2) correlate with clinical disease severity.
- Targeted antimicrobial therapy can modify resistotypes, potentially improving clinical outcomes, as demonstrated by the reversion from RT2 to RT1 after *P. aeruginosa* eradication.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
2.8K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
2.8K
01:26COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
207
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
207
01:20COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
274
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
274
01:19Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
1.4K
Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
1.4K
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
2.7K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
2.7K
01:23Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis
244
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
244