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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors

Published on: March 7, 2011

Essentials of Spinal Tumor Ablation.

Anderanik Tomasian¹, Jack W Jennings²

¹University of California Irvine, 101 The City Dr S, Orange, CA, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America

|January 25, 2024

Summary

Percutaneous thermal ablation and vertebral augmentation are safe and effective treatments for spinal metastases. Radiologists can improve patient outcomes by mastering these minimally invasive techniques and safety measures.

Keywords:

Spinal metastases Thermal ablation Thermal protection Vertebral augmentation

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Area of Science:

Interventional Radiology
Oncology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Spinal metastases represent a significant clinical challenge.
Traditional treatments for spinal metastases can be limited.
Minimally invasive techniques offer new therapeutic options.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in percutaneous thermal ablation and vertebral augmentation for spinal metastases.
To highlight the safety, efficacy, and durability of these procedures.
To emphasize the importance of procedural technique and safety measures.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on percutaneous thermal ablation and vertebral augmentation.
Discussion of procedural techniques, including ablation modality, augmentation method, and thermal protection.
Emphasis on the role of radiologists in managing spinal metastases.

Main Results:

Percutaneous thermal ablation and vertebral augmentation are safe, effective, and durable for selected patients.
Careful attention to technique is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
These interventions expand the radiologist's armamentarium for spinal metastases.

Conclusions:

Minimally invasive thermal ablation and vertebral augmentation are valuable tools for treating spinal metastases.
Radiologists play a key role in the successful implementation of these procedures.
Adherence to procedural safety measures enhances patient management and outcomes.