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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Micro-masonry for 3D Additive Micromanufacturing
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Smart Lattice Structures with Self-Sensing Functionalities via Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Technology.

Liu He1, Peiren Wang1, Junhui Yang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

Micromachines
|January 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a hybrid additive manufacturing method combining vat photopolymerization (VPP) and electroless plating to create smart metal-coated lattice structures. These structures exhibit self-sensing capabilities for monitoring mechanical loads, demonstrating a new pathway for multifunctional composites.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingelectroless platinglattice structuresself-sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Lattice structures offer exceptional mechanical properties and low density, leading to wide applications in aerospace, medical, and automotive industries.
  • Hybrid Additive Manufacturing (HAM) integrates multiple processes to create advanced materials with enhanced functionalities.
  • Developing multifunctional lattice structures requires innovative fabrication techniques that go beyond purely mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a novel Hybrid Additive Manufacturing (HAM) technology for fabricating smart metal-coated lattice structures.
  • To integrate vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing with electroless plating for creating polymer-metal composites.
  • To imbue lattice structures with self-sensing capabilities for mechanical load monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized vat photopolymerization (VPP) to fabricate precise polymer lattice structures.
  • Employed electroless plating to deposit metal layers (Ni-P and copper) onto the polymer lattices.
  • Characterized the fabricated metal coatings and tested the self-sensing functionality of the composite structures.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated metal-coated lattice structures using the proposed HAM technique.
  • Achieved deposition of Ni-P and copper layers with specific resistivities (8.2×10⁻⁷ Ω⋅m and 2.0 ×10⁻⁸ Ω⋅m, respectively).
  • Demonstrated the force-loading self-sensing functionality of the smart lattice structures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HAM technology effectively combines VPP and electroless plating for multifunctional lattice structures.
  • Metal-coated lattice structures exhibit potential as resistive sensors for real-time mechanical load monitoring.
  • This approach enables the creation of advanced polymer-metal lattice composites with integrated sensing capabilities.