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Defying Conventional Wisdom in Spectroscopy: Power Narrowing on IBM Quantum.

Ivo S Mihov1, Nikolay V Vitanov1

  • 1Center for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, Sofia University, 5 James Bourchier Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrated power narrowing, a phenomenon where spectral line width decreases with increased driving pulse amplitude, reversing traditional power broadening. This was experimentally verified using specific pulse shapes on a quantum processor.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Power broadening is a known spectroscopic effect where spectral line profiles widen with increasing driving field amplitude.
  • While typically observed in continuous-wave driving, pulsed excitation shows varying power broadening depending on pulse shape (e.g., logarithmic for Gaussian).
  • Theoretical predictions suggested 'power narrowing' for specific pulse shapes vanishing as ~|t|^{-λ}, but experimental verification was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate and investigate the phenomenon of power narrowing.
  • To explore the impact of pulse shape on spectral line broadening in quantum transitions.
  • To analyze the role of pulse wing truncation in achieving power narrowing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized powers-of-Lorentzian pulse shapes for excitation in a two-state quantum system.
  • Performed experiments on the IBM Quantum processor ibmq_manila.
  • Systematically varied the pulse area and studied the resulting spectral line width.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated power narrowing, observing a reduction in spectral line width by over a factor of 10.
  • Observed a reversal of the conventional power broadening effect with increasing pulse area (π to 7π).
  • Quantified the effect of pulse wing truncation, identifying a power-broadened term that limits extreme narrowing.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evidence confirms power narrowing for specific pulse shapes, challenging the universal nature of power broadening.
  • Truncated Lorentzian pulses offer a pathway to achieve arbitrarily narrow spectral line profiles, limited only by experimental imperfections.
  • This finding has implications for high-fidelity quantum control and spectroscopy in quantum systems.