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A comprehensive review of the vertebral artery anatomy

Jean-Baptiste Peeters1, Tania Idriceanu2, Gilles El Hage1

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, 1000, Rue St-Denis Montréal, QC H2X 0C, Canada.

Neuro-Chirurgie
|January 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

A detailed understanding of vertebral artery anatomy is crucial for managing posterior circulation. This study reviews its four segments, variations, and surgical significance for complex endovascular and surgical procedures.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroanatomy
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Endovascular Therapy

Background:

  • Vertebral arteries (VA) supply one-third of brain blood flow, primarily posterior circulation.
  • VA exposure is necessary for cranial/cervical procedures and treating posterior circulation vascular lesions.
  • Complex VA anatomy and variations necessitate thorough understanding for procedural success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review vertebral artery anatomy.
  • To discuss its relevance in current clinical practice, including surgical and endovascular interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Cadaveric dissection of the entire vertebral artery.
  • Comprehensive review of existing medical literature on VA anatomy and clinical significance.

Main Results:

  • The vertebral artery is anatomically divided into four distinct segments.
  • Each segment exhibits unique topographic anatomy, variations, anastomoses, and surgical importance.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in surgical and endovascular techniques enhance management of complex VA lesions.
  • A deep and comprehensive understanding of vertebral artery anatomy is vital for successful procedural outcomes.
  • Detailed anatomical knowledge of the VA is indispensable for neurosurgeons and interventionalists.
Abstract

Keywords:
AnatomyEndovascularSurgeryVariantsVertebral artery

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