Hypoparathyroidism: Musculoskeletal Manifestations Related to Parathormone Deficiency.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Rheumatology
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Hypoparathyroidism is a rare metabolic disorder.
• It is often associated with significant musculoskeletal manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review musculoskeletal manifestations in adult-onset, nonsurgical, nongenetic hypoparathyroidism.
• To understand the spectrum and potential associations of these conditions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Literature search conducted on the MEDLINE database.
• Inclusion of studies detailing musculoskeletal manifestations in the target patient group.

Main Results:

• Identified manifestations include myopathy, shoulder disorders, non-erosive arthritis, axial involvement, and ligamentous ossification.
• Potential associations with spondyloarthritis and autoimmune diseases were noted, possibly linked to T-cell activation.
• While bone mineral density may increase, fracture risk remains due to bone microarchitecture and falls; parathyroid hormone treatment may improve bone structure.

Conclusions:

• Musculoskeletal manifestations are common in hypoparathyroidism.
• These include muscular, axial, peripheral articular, and entheseal involvement.
• Current treatment focuses on calcium and vitamin D, with potential benefits from parathyroid hormone therapy.