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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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sEMG Biofeedback for Episodic Migraines: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Asimina Lazaridou1,2, Myrella Paschali3, Carolyn Bernstein4

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, USA. alazaridou@bwh.harvard.edu.

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
|January 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A 6-week virtual surface EMG (sEMG) biofeedback program effectively reduced migraine disability, anxiety, and depression while improving quality of life in episodic migraine patients. This digital intervention shows promise for migraine management.

Keywords:
BiofeedbackDigital therapeuticsEpisodic migrainesTelemedicine

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Episodic migraines significantly impact quality of life and increase disability.
  • Current treatment options for episodic migraines have limitations.
  • There is a need for accessible and effective non-pharmacological interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a 6-week virtual surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback intervention for episodic migraines.
  • To evaluate the impact of the intervention on migraine-related disability, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.
  • To explore changes in sensory processing using Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST).

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial comparing virtual sEMG biofeedback to treatment as usual.
  • Participants completed validated assessments for disability, quality of life, anxiety, and depression.
  • Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) was performed at baseline and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • The sEMG biofeedback group showed significantly lower migraine disability compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
  • Participants in the sEMG group reported significant reductions in anxiety (p < 0.01) and improvements in quality of life (p < 0.001).
  • sEMG biofeedback led to significant decreases in temporal summation (p < 0.05) as assessed by QST; no significant changes in migraine frequency were observed in either group.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual sEMG biofeedback is a feasible and promising digital intervention for reducing disability, anxiety, and depression in episodic migraine patients.
  • The intervention demonstrated potential for improving quality of life and altering sensory processing.
  • These findings support further investigation in larger randomized controlled trials.