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Updated: Jul 12, 2026
3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
Published on: June 2, 2014
Development and Validation of a Headache Health Education Program to Serve as a Control Intervention for
Kristina Twaalfhoven1,2, Ruth Q Wolever3, Meredith Beaton-Starr1
1Osher Center for Integrative Health, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Background:
As interest in non-pharmacologic treatments for migraine prevention increases, there is an urgent need to evaluate these treatments in well-designed randomized trials. However, designing a "control" for non-pharmacologic treatments is complex. One possible solution is to design credible educational programs to use as comparators which partially control for natural history, patient engagement, attention and positive expectancy.
Objective:
To develop and validate through a modified Delphi process a "Headache Health Education" (HHE) program to be used as the control arm in a pilot study of multimodal chiropractic care for episodic migraine.
Methods:
Leveraging existing patient educational materials, we drafted an initial HHE program with 14 modules, each covering a different migraine-related topic. Designed to be delivered by research personnel in a one-on-one video conference, each module provides education using a slide deck and guided conversation that is grounded in adult learning theory. Furthermore, to engage participants, the script-based sessions are informed by the psychological implications of polyvagal theory and motivational interviewing. The program was validated using a modified Delphi process. Modifications were made to the program based on the ratings and feedback, and a second round of review was then performed.
Results:
Initial endorsement of the HHE program was generally supportive but included considerable variability. After program refinement, endorsement improved with much lower score variability. Key improvements included the addition of 2 topics, selection of new videos, and training for research assistants/associates in how to use conversational style and specific prompts to engage participants.
Conclusion:
Initial development and validation of an HHE program to use as a comparator in trials of a non-pharmacological treatment for migraine has been completed. Future analysis will examine the fidelity and acceptability of the HHE program when used as a comparator in a randomized controlled trial of multimodal care for migraine.
