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Zinc is crucial for life functions, impacting growth, immunity, and glucose metabolism. Addressing global zinc deficiency is vital for preventing noncommunicable diseases and improving health across all life stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Micronutrient research
  • Nutritional science
  • Public health

Background:

  • Zinc is essential for numerous life functions, including growth, immunity, and glucose metabolism.
  • Zinc deficiency is a widespread global issue, linked to increased risks of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders.
  • Assessing human zinc status is challenging due to a lack of sensitive and specific methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding zinc's health roles.
  • To explore the influence of climate and global factors on zinc intake.
  • To highlight novel biomarkers and strategies for improving population zinc status and intake.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review, synthesizing current scientific literature.
  • The review examines recent developments in zinc research and interventions.
  • It incorporates findings on biomarkers, climate impact, and dietary strategies.

Main Results:

  • Zinc plays a critical role in regulating glucose metabolism and preventing cardiometabolic disorders.
  • Climate change and global contexts affect zinc intake, exacerbating deficiency risks.
  • Novel functional biomarkers show promise for monitoring interventions.
  • Biofortification and improved bioavailability are key strategies for enhancing dietary zinc.

Conclusions:

  • Improving population zinc nutriture is vital for health across the life course, particularly for preventing noncommunicable diseases.
  • Effective strategies require context-specific approaches, combining supplementation, fortification, and agricultural solutions like biofortification.
  • Enhancing zinc bioavailability and content through biofortification offers an inclusive solution for vulnerable populations.