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The methodology of quantitative risk assessment studies
Maxime Rigaud1, Jurgen Buekers2, Jos Bessems2
1Inserm, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France.
Environmental Health : a Global Access Science Source
|January 27, 2024
Summary
Quantitative risk assessment studies evaluate health impacts from external factors using dose-response functions. These studies quantify disease cases or DALYs, informing public health policies and interventions.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Public Health Policy
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and health impact assessment (HIA) are crucial for evaluating environmental factors' effects on human health.
- These assessments quantify health outcomes, such as disease cases or disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform policy decisions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the methodology of quantitative risk assessment studies utilizing human data.
- To identify and discuss key issues and provide recommendations for improving QRA methodology.
Main Methods:
- The review outlines the core steps in QRA: defining counterfactuals, assessing exposures, quantifying risks via dose-response functions, and conducting uncertainty analyses.
- Emphasis is placed on considering multiple factors simultaneously, including correlations and potential synergies.
Main Results:
- Accuracy and geographic scale of factor assessment significantly influence study outcomes.
- Simultaneous consideration of multiple factors requires accounting for their interrelationships and potential synergistic effects.
Conclusions:
- Methodological gaps in QRA include formalizing the handling of evidence levels for exposure-health pairs and clarifying terminology between HIA and human-based risk assessment.
- Recommendations address improving the integration of emerging factors and addressing technical challenges in multi-factor analyses.
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