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Gene-environment interactions and preterm birth predictors: A Bayesian network approach.

Dario E Elias1, Maria R Santos1,2,3, Hebe Campaña1,2

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Genetics and Molecular Biology
|January 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Social disparities and specific genetic variants interact, increasing toxoplasmosis risk and potentially preterm birth (PTB). This study highlights how socioeconomic factors combined with individual genetic traits may influence PTB risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal epidemiology
  • Human genetics
  • Social determinants of health

Background:

  • Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality globally.
  • Understanding gene-environment interactions is crucial for identifying PTB risk factors.
  • Socioeconomic status and genetic predispositions are potential contributors to PTB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene-environment interactions linked to spontaneous PTB or its predictors.
  • To identify specific genetic variants and environmental exposures associated with PTB risk.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-control study involving 69 preterm and 61 term newborns.
  • Collected parental sociodemographic, obstetric data, and newborn genetic variants.
  • Employed Bayesian networks to model PTB predictors and logistic regression for interaction analysis.

Main Results:

  • An interaction was identified between low neighborhood socioeconomic status and the PON1 rs2074351 (genotype GG) variant.
  • This interaction significantly increased the risk of toxoplasmosis (OR 12.51, 95% CI: 1.71 - 91.36).
  • Exploratory analysis suggests social disparities amplify PTB risk via exposures interacting with genetic traits.

Conclusions:

  • Structural social disparities may influence PTB risk by increasing exposure frequency.
  • Gene-environment interactions, like the one found with socioeconomic status and PON1, warrant further investigation.
  • Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and confirm the role of social disparities in PTB.