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Solid-State Nanopore/Nanochannel Sensors with Enhanced Selectivity through Pore-in Modification.

Xiaojin Zhang1, Yu Dai1, Jielin Sun2

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Solid-state nanopore sensors offer label-free analysis but need improved selectivity. This perspective reviews pore-in modification strategies to enhance selectivity in nanopore sensing for future home diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Nanopore sensing technology utilizes artificial solid-state nanopores/nanochannels, inspired by biological ion channels.
  • While offering advantages like label-free detection and speed, solid-state nanopores exhibit poor selectivity compared to biological counterparts.
  • Enhancing selectivity is crucial for advancing nanopore sensing applications in protein analysis, gene sequencing, and biomarker detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight pore-in modification strategies for improving the selectivity of solid-state nanopore/nanochannel sensors.
  • To review recent advancements in solid-state nanopore selectivity over the past decade.
  • To discuss future prospects and challenges in solid-state nanopore sensor development.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of published articles from the last 10 years focusing on pore-in modification techniques.
  • Analysis of strategies including channel charge modification, pore size variation, chemical functionalization, and operational condition adjustments.
  • Synthesis of findings to provide a perspective on selectivity enhancement in solid-state nanopore sensors.

Main Results:

  • Various pore-in modification strategies effectively enhance the selectivity of solid-state nanopore and nanochannel sensors.
  • Key modification approaches include altering channel charge, pore dimensions, chemical functionalities, and solution conditions.
  • These advancements are critical for overcoming the inherent selectivity limitations of artificial nanopores.

Conclusions:

  • Pore-in modification is a vital strategy for advancing solid-state nanopore/nanochannel sensor selectivity.
  • Continued research and development in these modification techniques are essential for realizing the full potential of nanopore sensing.
  • Solid-state nanopore sensors are poised for broader applications, potentially entering domestic use, pending resolution of current challenges.