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Engineering Biological-Based Vascular Grafts Using a Pulsatile Bioreactor

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Reconfigurable Growth of Engineered Living Materials.

Suitu Wang¹, Sangmin Lim², Seelay Tasmim³

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|January 30, 2024

Summary

This study introduces magnetic engineered living materials (mELMs) that can be grown and regrown into desired shapes using yeast proliferation and magnetic fields. These reconfigurable materials offer a novel approach to manufacturing with biomass.

Keywords:

additive manufacturing engineered living materials growth magnetic actuator

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Synthetic Biology
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Multicellular organism growth involves cellular proliferation and mechanical forces driving morphogenesis.
Current engineering capabilities for directed morphogenesis in biomass are limited.
Biomass-based materials offer potential for sustainable manufacturing but lack reconfigurability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for growing and regrowing magnetic engineered living materials (mELMs) into desired geometries.
To utilize biological processes, magnetic forces, and hydrogel properties for reconfigurable manufacturing.
To demonstrate shape fixity and recoverability in mELMs.

Main Methods:

Composites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, magnetic particles, and hydrogel were fabricated.
External magnetic fields were used to shape the mELMs.
Yeast proliferation was induced to expand and fix the material's shape.
Yeast cell walls were removed to enable shape recovery.

Main Results:

Yeast proliferation led to a 259 ± 14% volume expansion in mELMs.
Shape fixity of up to 99.3 ± 0.3% was achieved after magnetic field removal.
mELMs recovered up to 73.9 ± 1.9% of their original form after cell wall removal.
The growth and recovery cycle was repeatable for at least five iterations.

Conclusions:

A novel reconfigurable manufacturing process for mELMs using biological growth and magnetic fields was demonstrated.
The developed mELMs exhibit high shape fixity and recoverability, enabling reprocessing into user-defined geometries.
This work advances the field of engineered living materials for sustainable and adaptable manufacturing without external material deposition.