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Related Concept Videos

Trachea01:22

Trachea

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

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Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

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Pregnancy-Related Recurrent Benign Goiter With Intratracheal Extension.

Mohamed Amine Chaabouni1, Ines Kharrat1, Omar Walha1

  • 1ENT Department and Research Laboratory LR23ES01, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|January 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A pregnant patient experienced airway obstruction from a recurrent benign goiter. Emergency tracheostomy and C-section were performed, followed by biopsy confirming benign thyroid tissue. The mass regressed spontaneously, allowing tracheostomy tube removal.

Keywords:
benign goiterintratracheal masspregnancyrecurrencethyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Recurrent goiters can cause significant airway compromise, especially in pregnant patients.
  • Thyroid tissue extending into the trachea presents a rare but critical surgical challenge.
  • Previous thyroidectomy does not preclude goiter recurrence or unusual growth patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of a pregnant patient with a recurrent benign goiter causing endotracheal extension.
  • To describe the management of severe dyspnea due to tracheal compression by thyroid tissue during pregnancy.
  • To document the spontaneous regression of intratracheal thyroid tissue post-intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 37-year-old pregnant patient with a history of total thyroidectomy.
  • Diagnostic imaging including cervicothoracic computed tomography (CT) to assess the mass.
  • Emergency tracheostomy and cesarean section, followed by exploratory cervicectomy and endoscopic biopsies.
  • Histopathological examination and follow-up CT scans.

Main Results:

  • A 4 cm benign recurrent goiter with endotracheal extension caused progressive dyspnea.
  • Emergency tracheostomy and cesarean section were necessitated by the airway obstruction.
  • Histopathology confirmed benign thyroid tissue, with intratracheal portion left in situ due to bleeding risk.
  • Follow-up CT demonstrated spontaneous regression of the intratracheal mass within 2 months.
  • Successful removal of the tracheostomy tube after mass regression.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent benign goiters can present with life-threatening airway obstruction, even after total thyroidectomy.
  • Multidisciplinary management involving obstetrics, surgery, and pulmonology is crucial in such complex cases.
  • Spontaneous regression of intratracheal thyroid tissue is possible and can obviate the need for further surgical intervention.