Perceptions and Attitudes Regarding Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donation Among Blood Donors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward using stem cell transplantation for therapeutic purposes, making a positive impact in the medical field. Access to a compatible and willing donor is essential for those therapeutic purposes, yet the current number of registered donors remains inadequate. The present study aimed to investigate the attitude and perception of stem cell donation among blood donors in Saudi Arabia while also exploring their knowledge of hematopoietic stem cells, willingness towards donation, and fear of complications after stem cell donation. Methods A cross-sectional study was implemented to investigate the perception and attitude toward stem cell donation among blood donors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through a validated self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised 35 questions divided into five sections, namely, demographics, knowledge, attitude, willingness, and fear of stem cell donation. Results The survey was distributed to 400 subjects. Out of the 400 respondents, 98.8% (n=395) were male, and 90.8% (n=363) were Saudi nationals. The majority had a high school level of education (n=259, 64.75%). Only 10.8% (n=43) of the participants were knowledgeable about stem cells. Knowledge of stem cells was highest among females aged 40-49 years, participants knowledgeable of platelet donation, and participants who donated blood more than 10 times (p-value <0.05). Participants with a bachelor's or master's degree had significantly more fear of stem cell donation complications, with a p-value of 0.003. The attitude toward stem cell donation was highly positive. Most participants strongly agreed to donate stem cells to a family member or anyone in need, 94.5% (n=378) and 62% (n=248), respectively. Conclusion Knowledge about stem cell donation among blood donors was scarce, while their willingness to donate after conversing was high. We highly recommend the initiation and establishment of educational programs to increase the knowledge of the public and, specifically, blood donors.