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Related Concept Videos

Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
41.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.4K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Building Stable Solid-State Potassium Metal Batteries.

Wang Lyu1, Xinzhi Yu1,2, Yawei Lv1

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed stable solid-state potassium metal batteries (SPMBs) using a novel iodinated solid polymer electrolyte (ISPE). This breakthrough addresses dendrite issues, enabling high voltage, long cycle life, and enhanced safety for next-generation energy storage.

Keywords:
High electrochemical stabilityIn situ alloyingIodinated interlayerpotassium metal batteriessolid‐state batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state potassium metal batteries (SPMBs) offer potential for safe, high-energy-density storage but face challenges like potassium dendrites and electrolyte instability.
  • Existing solid-state electrolytes often exhibit poor interfacial compatibility and limited ionic conductivity, hindering practical SPMB development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable and efficient solid-state electrolyte for high-performance SPMBs.
  • To overcome interfacial incompatibilities and dendrite formation in potassium metal anodes.
  • To demonstrate the viability of SPMBs for practical energy storage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of a novel iodinated solid polymer electrolyte (ISPE).
  • Investigation of ion transport mechanisms and interfacial properties of ISPE with potassium metal.
  • Assembly and electrochemical testing of SPMBs utilizing Prussian blue cathodes and ISPE, including cycling and rate capability assessments.

Main Results:

  • The developed ISPE exhibits high ionic conductivity, excellent interfacial compatibility with potassium metal, and wide electrochemical stability.
  • SPMBs with ISPE demonstrate stable operation at 4.5 V, achieving over 3000 cycles at 4.2 V with 99.94% coulombic efficiency.
  • A solid-state potassium metal pouch cell achieved 800 cycles at 4.2 V with 93.6% capacity retention.

Conclusions:

  • The novel ISPE effectively suppresses potassium dendrites and enhances interfacial stability, enabling high-performance SPMBs.
  • This work presents a viable strategy for developing secure and high-performance rechargeable solid-state potassium metal batteries.
  • The achieved results pave the way for next-generation energy storage solutions utilizing abundant potassium resources.