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3D Printable Active Hydrogels with Supramolecular Additive-Driven Adaptiveness.

Xiao Li1, Zhecun Guan2, Jiayu Zhao2

  • 1Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed smart hydrogels with supramolecular additives that adapt to environmental changes. These advanced hydrogels offer tunable properties for applications in camouflage and actuation.

Keywords:
3D printingsmart hydrogelssoft actuatorsstimuli‐responsive hydrogelssupramolecular interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Smart hydrogels are advanced soft materials known for stimuli-responsiveness, deformability, and biocompatibility.
  • Current limitations exist in enabling hydrogels to actively adapt to diverse environmental conditions, mimicking biological systems.
  • Developing adaptive hydrogels is crucial for next-generation soft materials and advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer environmentally adaptive smart hydrogels by incorporating supramolecular additives.
  • To investigate the tunable microstructures, swelling behaviors, mechanical properties, and transparency of these hydrogels in response to environmental stimuli.
  • To explore the potential of these hydrogels in 3D printing for creating complex, functional materials.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of supramolecular additives into the hydrogel matrix.
  • Characterization of hydrogel microstructures, swelling, mechanical properties, and transparency under varying environmental conditions.
  • Utilizing hydrogen bonding for 3D extrusion printing of complex hydrogel structures.

Main Results:

  • The supramolecular additives conferred environmental adaptiveness to the hydrogel's microstructures, swelling, mechanical properties, and transparency.
  • Hydrogen bonding enabled suitable rheological properties for 3D extrusion printing.
  • Successfully fabricated thickness-dependent camouflage and multistimuli responsive complex structures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hydrogel exhibits remarkable environmental adaptiveness through supramolecular interactions.
  • This work provides novel strategies for manipulating supramolecular chemistry in hydrogels.
  • The adaptive hydrogels hold significant potential for information security and multifunctional integrated actuation applications.