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Prevalence of strabismus in premature infants in an age-related perspective

Adakhovska Anastasiia1, Katsan Sergii1

  • 1SI The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 49/51 Frantsuzskii Bulvar, Odesa, Ukraine.

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|January 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Strabismus is more common in preterm infants by ages 3-8 years. Early eye changes and conditions like anisometropia and amblyopia increase this risk, while better visual acuity may reduce it.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Premature infants are at higher risk for various health complications, including visual impairments.
  • Strabismus, or eye misalignment, is a significant concern in pediatric populations, particularly in those born prematurely.
  • Early detection and management of visual abnormalities in preterm infants are crucial for long-term ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of strabismus in premature infants.
  • To identify key indicators for predicting strabismus development between the ages of 3 and 8 years in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 84 premature infants with ophthalmological examinations at 6 months-3 years and again at 3-8 years.
  • Included assessment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infancy.
  • Statistical analysis to identify risk factors and predictive indicators for strabismus.

Main Results:

  • Strabismus prevalence increased significantly by ages 3-8 years compared to earlier assessments.
  • Children with ROP (especially post-laser treatment) showed a higher incidence of strabismus.
  • Presence of strabismus, structural eye changes, anisometropia, and amblyopia at 6 months-3 years were significant predictors of strabismus at 3-8 years (OR=6.5 and OR=4.2).
  • Higher visual acuity at 3-8 years was associated with a decreased risk of strabismus.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of strabismus rises in preterm infants by ages 3-8 years.
  • Ocular structural changes and existing strabismus in early childhood are strong predictors of later strabismus.
  • Anisometropia and amblyopia are associated with increased strabismus risk, whereas good visual acuity is protective.
Abstract

Keywords:
Retinopathy of prematurityStrabismusamblyopiadiagnostic techniqueseso and exo deviationsretinaretinal detachmentretinal pathology / researchstrabismus

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