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The Effects of Health Disparities on Neonatal Outcomes

Erin J Mays1, Stephanie Diggs2, Zachary A Vesoulis2

  • 1St. Louis Children's Hospital NICU, 1 Childrens Place, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
|January 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Structural racism stemming from slavery continues to affect US healthcare, leading to disparities in infant mortality and neonatal health outcomes. These historical factors impact access to care, infant health, and family experiences.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Medical History

Background:

  • The legacy of slavery in the US established systemic racism, which persists today.
  • Structural and institutional racism significantly influence healthcare access and quality.
  • Historical practices like racial segregation and redlining have created lasting health inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the historical impact of racism on US healthcare.
  • To understand how structural racism affects infant health outcomes.
  • To explore the influence of racism on the family care experience in neonatal health.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of racism in the US.
  • Review of literature on health disparities.
  • Examination of the impact of racism on neonatal health and family care.

Main Results:

  • Racism, rooted in slavery, continues to manifest as structural and institutional barriers in healthcare.
  • Racial segregation and redlining correlate with disparities in prematurity and infant mortality.
  • Health inequities linked to racism affect neonatal morbidities and family care experiences, including breastfeeding and provider interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Historical racism profoundly impacts current US healthcare systems and outcomes.
  • Addressing structural racism is crucial for reducing infant mortality and health disparities.
  • Improving neonatal health requires tackling systemic inequities and enhancing family-centered care.

Keywords:
BreastfeedingFamily experienceHealth disparitiesInfant mortalityInstitutional racismPrematurityStructural racism

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